Scottish scientists use Backpacks to monitor personal air pollution

Scientists in Edinburgh are using hi-tech backpacks to study personal exposure to air pollution.

Air pollution is routinely measured by a network of urban monitors at fixed locations across Scotland.

But these are unable to provide a detailed picture of an individual's exposure throughout the day.

Scientists at the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology have provided volunteers with backpacks fitted with particle monitors and GPS satellite tracking technology.

Graph on laptop, showing David’s exposure to air pollution in Edinburgh

The volunteers wear the small backpacks throughout the day and sleep with them beside their beds at night.

The results are then analysed to assess exposure to tiny particles, mainly from combustion, known as particulate matter.

Doctors say there is a strong link between exposure to particulate matter and the risk of heart attack.

Dave Newby

Professor Dave Newby, of the University of Edinburgh and the British Heart Foundation, said: "We all think that when we breathe in air pollution, it must provoke pneumonia, or asthma or lung problems. But actually, it kills far more people from heart disease.

"What we've found is that the biggest trigger is the particulate matter that we breathe in. In the urban environment, the biggest contributor to that is diesel engines."

Dr Stefan Reis

The research investigating personal exposure to air pollution is being led by Dr Stefan Reis.

He believes the development of mobile air pollution monitoring equipment will be cheaper and more effective than investing in a larger network of fixed monitoring stations to cover whole cities.

He told reporters: "It's always easy to call for more monitoring but what we are trying to achieve is getting smarter monitoring.

"We're not trying to cover the whole countryside or city with many, very accurate monitors, which are very expensive, but using the combination of personal sensors, monitors on buses or trams, together with existing networks to get a much better picture of the actual exposure of people in the city."

The Scottish government has rejected criticism from environmentalists, who say ministers are failing in their duty to reduce air pollution levels.

Paul Wheelhouse

Environment minister Paul Wheelhouse said: "Working in partnership with local authorities, we've developed a network of monitoring sites, there's over 90 of them in Scotland, and we're using those to develop our strategy at a local level.

"In some cases, where they fail to meet the Scottish standard, which is a tough standard, they identify an air quality management area and that then triggers between the Scottish government and the local authority, who have a duty to deliver good air quality locally, to tackle that."

Roadside air pollution monitoring station

But Green MSP Patrick Harvie argues air pollution levels will remain too high until there is a fundamental change in transport policy in Scotland.

He said: "This locked-in pattern that we have to high transport demand is expensive, it's inefficient, it's unhealthy and it contributes to local and global pollution.

"Unless we see change in transport policy, we are not going to see change to the pollution levels in our cities and we'll be here in another 10 years listening to another environment minister saying much the same thing."

NASA Mars: Up close and personal March 25 2010

On Thursday night, March 25, many people may look up at the sky and ask the question, "What's that bright star next to the moon?"

The answer for Thursday night is Mars, but that answer changes night by night as the moon travels along the ecliptic, the path the sun, moon and planets follow across the sky. If you ask the question again on Monday night, March 29, the answer will be the ringed planet Saturn.

Such conjunctions of the moon and planets are regular reminders of how rapidly the moon moves across the sky.

Mars was in opposition to the Sun on Jan. 29, when it appeared 14 arcseconds in diameter, 1/120 of the diameter of the moon. Two months later, it is much farther away, and has shrunk to only 10 arcseconds in diameter.

This will be your last chance to get a good look at Mars until it approaches the Earth again in 2012

A handout image from the US Geological Survey in 2008 shows a mosaic of the Schiaparelli hemisphere of the planet Mars projected into point perspective, a view similar to that which one would see from a spacecraft.

A journey from Earth to Mars could eventually take just 39 days, according to a rocket scientist who has the ear of the US space agency.
(AFP/USGS/File)

Honda: New Unicycle Personal Transport Demo

Honda President Takanobu Ito displays the prototype model of a personal mobility device called the U3-X at the company's headquarters in Tokyo.

This is great! Now all we need is for it to incorporated into a suitcase and suddenly travelling is not such a hassle! Over to you Honda!

Picture: AFP/GETTY