Credit: Nature
Geologists on Thursday announced they had uncovered a stupendous volcano that is the biggest in the world and rivals the greatest in the Solar System.
Dubbed Tamu Massif, the volcano is part of the Shatsky Rise, a deep plateau on the floor of the Pacific located around 1,600 kilometres (1,000 miles) east of Japan, they said.
It comprises a single, immense, rounded dome in the shape of a shield, formed of hardened lava from an eruption around 144 million years ago.
It covers around 310,000 square kilometres (119,000 square miles)—the equivalent area of Britain and Ireland combined—and slopes upwards to a height of around 3.5 kms (2.2 miles) above the sea floor.
"Tamu Massif is the largest known single, central volcano in the world," the team reported in the journal Nature Geoscience.
William Sager, University of Houston
In area, "it is... approximately the same as the British Isles or Olympus Mons on Mars, which is considered the largest volcano in the Solar System."
It adds: "Although Olympus Mons seems to be a giant because it is more than 20 kms (12 miles) in height, its volume is only around 25 percent larger."
Olympus Mons, in addition, has relatively shallow roots, whereas Tamu Massif delves some 30 kilometres (18 miles) into Earth's crust.
Ocean surveyors had until now surmised Tamu Massif to be a vast system of multiple volcanoes, a kind that exists in about a dozen locations around the planet.
The realisation that it was a single volcano of truly massive size only came to light when the team, led by William Sager at Texas A&M University, sought an overview.
They assembled data from rock samples, taken from an ocean-floor drilling project, and a chart of the seabed, provided by deep-penetration seismic scanners aboard a survey ship.
Put together, the findings suggest mega-volcanoes found in other parts of the Solar System have cousins on Earth, says the paper.
"The Earth variety is poorly understood because these monsters found a better place to hide—beneath the sea," it argues.
In an email exchange with AFP, Sager said it seemed unlikely that Tamu Massif was still active.
"The bottom line is that we think that Tamu Massif was built in a short (geologically speaking) time of one to several million years and it has been extinct since," he said.
"One interesting angle is that there were lots of oceanic plateaus (that) erupted during the Cretaceous Period (145-65 million years ago) but we don't see them since. Scientists would like to know why."
Other volcanic leviathans could be lurking among the dozen or so large oceanic plateaux around the world, he thought.
More information: dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1934
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