When a massive star runs out fuel, it collapses and explodes as a supernova.
Although these explosions are extremely powerful, it is possible for a companion star to endure the blast.
A team of astronomers using NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory and other telescopes has found evidence for one of these survivors.
This hardy star is in a stellar explosion's debris field, also called its supernova remnant, located in an HII region called DEM L241.
An HII region is created when the radiation from hot, young stars strips away the electrons from neutral hydrogen atoms (HI) to form clouds of ionized hydrogen (HII).
This HII region is located in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a small companion galaxy to the Milky Way.
A new composite image of DEM L241 contains Chandra data (purple) that outlines the supernova remnant.
The remnant remains hot and therefore X-ray bright for thousands of years after the original explosion occurred.
Also included in this image are optical data from the Magellanic Cloud Emission Line Survey (MCELS) taken from ground-based telescopes in Chile (yellow and cyan), which trace the HII emission produced by DEM L241.
Additional optical data from the Digitized Sky Survey (white) are also included, showing stars in the field.
R. Davies, K. Elliott, and J. Meaburn, whose last initials were combined to give the object the first half of its name, first mapped DEM L241 in 1976.
The recent data from Chandra revealed the presence of a point-like X-ray source at the same location as a young massive star within DEM L241's supernova remnant.
Astronomers can look at the details of the Chandra data to glean important clues about the nature of X-ray sources.
For example, how bright the X-rays are, how they change over time, and how they are distributed across the range of energy that Chandra observes.
In this case, the data suggest that the point-like source is one component of a binary star system.
In such a celestial pair, either a neutron star or black hole (formed when the star went supernova) is in orbit with a star much larger than our Sun.
As they orbit one another, the dense neutron star or black hole pulls material away its companion star through the wind of particles that flows away from its surface.
If this result is confirmed, DEM L241 would be only the third binary containing both a massive star and a neutron star or black hole ever found in the aftermath of a supernova.
More information: A paper describing these results is available online and was published in the November 10, 2012, issue of The Astrophysical Journal: dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/759/2/123
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