ESA Rosetta sees comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko darker than charcoal

A spacecraft chasing a comet in deep space has found that its target is surprisingly dark in colour.

Instead of arriving at a bright, reflective, ice-covered heavenly body, the European Space Agency's Rosetta probe found that its target comet, 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (or 67P/C-G), appears darker than charcoal in some wavelengths of light, according to new data collected by an instrument on the spacecraft.

And, so far, scientists working with the Alice instrument on Rosetta have not found any large patches of water-ice on Comet 67P/C-G's surface.

"We're a bit surprised at just how unreflective the comet's surface is and how little evidence of exposed water-ice it shows," Alan Stern, Alice principal investigator at the Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, Colorado, said in a statement.

A four-image montage of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko taken by Rosetta on Sept. 2, 2014.

Credit: ESA/Rosetta/NAVCAM

Researchers expected to see ice patches on the surface of the comet because of the body's distance from the sun.

At the moment, that distance is so great that the sun can't warm ice on the comet's surface, which would turn it into water vapour; therefore, scientists thought there would be ice patches on the comet's surface, according to NASA.

The comet and Rosetta are currently flying about 318 million miles (512 million kilometers) from the sun, on their way to the comet's closest approach to the star, in August 2015.

When Comet 67P/C-G makes its flyby of the sun, Rosetta will be able to measure the way the comet changes.

The new data should help researchers learn more about the origin of comets, remnants from the beginnings of the solar system.

The Alice instrument before flying to space with Rosetta.

Credit: Southwest Research Institute

"As the mission progresses, we will continue to search for surface ice patches and ultraviolet colour and composition variations across the surface of the comet," Lori Feaga, Alice co-investigator at the University of Maryland, said in a statement.

Alice has also identified hydrogen and oxygen in the comet's atmosphere, according to NASA.

In November, the Philae lander, currently tucked inside Rosetta, will fly down to the comet's surface to make measurements while attached to Comet 67P/C-G.

Scientists are currently examining five potential Philae landing sites in order to decide where the lander should park on the comet's face.

The European Space Agency is expected to announce its top choice for a landings site on Sept. 15.

Rosetta launched on its 10-year, 4-billion-mile (6 billion km) journey across the solar system in 2004.

The comet-chasing probe caught up to Comet 67P/C-G in August, after arriving about 62 miles (100 km) from the cosmic body.

Since then, the spacecraft has been maneuvering, getting closer to the comet in anticipation of releasing the Philae lander down to the comet's surface.