Skylon: Supersonic plane that could take you into Space

SKYLON is a design for an unpiloted, reusable, single-stage-to-orbit spaceplane intended to provide reliable, responsive and cost effective access to space.

Skylon is a concept by the British company Reaction Engines Limited (REL). A fleet of such vehicles is envisaged for the future.

Skylon could have a significant impact on many different space operations.

For example, it could deliver payloads to Low Earth Orbit (LEO) where these satellites or other equipment could propel themselves further out into space.

It could be configured to launch multiple small satellites at once from its cargo bay, to provide supplies for space stations in orbit, or to get space station modules, telescopes and other equipment out beyond the Earth's atmosphere in a cost-effective way.

The designers have already created a special interface through which Skylon can link to existing space stations and pass over essential supplies or even passengers.

Further down the line, Skylon could be used as a support vessel for interplanetary missions as a backup for the main spaceships.

From nose to tail Skylon measures 82m. It has a wingspan of 25m and a fuselage diameter of 6.25m.

Prototyping design work on the craft is still very much ongoing, but once the vehicle has received the necessary endurance certifications out in the wild, it will be able to fit a cabin module for transporting up to 30 passengers —eventually, you may be able to take a trip to space from your local airport.

The cabin will be completely self-contained and stored inside the aircraft's cargo bay (in early mock ups from the designers, it looks a bit like a motor home).

Upon re-entry from space, heat is radiated away from the main aeroshell using layers of reflecting foil and low-conductivity shell support posts.

This is the Sabre (Synergetic Air-Breathing Rocket Engine), a landmark breakthrough in aerospace technology that enables aircraft to reach five times the speed of sound.

The engine is built by Reaction Engines Ltd and there are already several prototype planes in the works.

Over 20 years' worth of development has gone into Sabre Engine, which offers both a rocket mode (for sending aircraft into space) and an air-breathing mode (for cruising through the sky at high speeds).

One of the biggest innovations in the engine is the way it uses oxygen already in the air rather than an on-board oxidiser, significantly reducing the weight of the engine and allowing it to operate like a normal jet engine.

Once above the atmosphere, it can switch to a conventional rocket mode using on-board liquid oxygen.

NASA Funds Study of Sideways Flying Supersonic Plane - Video

NASA has approved a $100,000 grant for development of a supersonic plane concept pioneered by Gecheng Zha, a professor at the University of Miami.

Called the Supersonic Bidirectional Flying Wing, the concept addresses the main conflict in supersonic design: a supersonic vessel needs large wings to get off the ground, but small wings to achieve supersonic speeds.

Zha has dealt with this problem by the simple expedient of creating two sets of wings.

The wings are positioned at 90° to each other.

Once the plane has taken off using the longer wings, it rotates and uses the lower drag wings to go supersonic.

It is expected to take decades to develop the technology to the point of implementation. The project is one in a new wave of technology development in the realm of supersonic and hypersonic flight.

In August, Boeing’s X-51A Waverider, developed for the US AirForce, failed to go hypersonic in a flight test. Russia is developing Hammer, a hypersonic booster intended to launch satellites of up to 800 kg into low Earth orbit.

Meanwhile, Elon Musk, CEO and founder of SpaceX, has spoken of developing a hovering supersonic electric jet.

The only commercial supersonic passenger jet ever developed, the Concorde, was retired in 2003 when it was unable to achieve commercial success following a combination of a 2000 fatal crash and the reduced air traffic that resulted from the 2001 New York terrorist attacks.

The fastest passenger plane in use today is the Mach 0.9 Cessna Citation X which carries 7 passengers.